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Spain Project | Spanish Resources | Spanish Glossary
This page is to help people learn the necessary terms and handwriting used in Spanish vital documents.
Contents |
Glossary Translations
Common Document Terms
Spanish Words | Abbrev. | English | Spanish Variations |
† | death | †† (mother & child), fallecido(a) dead man (woman) | |
agricultor . | agrr | farmer | |
alférez | ensign | alférez de fragata | |
ama de casa | homemaker | ||
ama de llaves | housekeeper | ||
año | year | ||
antepasados | ancestors | ||
apellido | surname | apellidos | |
archivo | archive | ||
Bachiller | Br | Bachelor | |
barrio | suburb | the neighborhood (where the church is) | |
bautismo | baptism and/or christening | bauticé, bautizado(a), bautismo, bautizo | |
bautismo de socorro | urgent baptism and/or christening, for fear of imminent death | ||
bautizar | to baptize or to christen | bauticé, bautizado(a), bautismo, bautizo | |
bautizo | see bautismo above | ||
cabo | corporal | ||
calle | street | ||
capillo | cap.o | christening cap | cap.o 32 would be the price paid for the cap. Also seen as 1 real, or 34 maravedies (=1 real) |
carpintero | carpenter | ||
casado(a) | married | matrimonio, casamiento, casé | |
casamiento | marriage | matrimonio, casé, casado(a) | |
casar | -- | to marry | matrimonio, casamiento, casado(a), casé |
Católica | Cathc | Catholic | |
causa de fallecimiento | cause of death | ||
cementerio | cemetery | ||
censo | census | ||
confirmación | confirmation | ||
cónyuge | husband | esposo, marido | |
cónyuge | wife | esposa, marida, mujer | |
crisma | Holy oil used to anoint in different ecclesiastical acts and sacraments | ||
defunción | death | difunto(a), fallecimiento, óbito, muerto(a), fallecido(a) | |
desconocido | unknown | ||
deste,ta | archaic contraction for "of this" | desto (neutral, arch.) | |
destino | destination | ||
día | day | ||
dicho(a) | dho, dha | said, mentioned | |
difunto(a) | death | muerte, defunción, fallecimiento, óbito, muerto(a), fallecido(a) | |
diligência | dilis | diligence | |
Don | Dn | A title; equivalent to Sir or Mister | |
edad | age | ||
edad al morir | age at death | ||
edad del novio | groom's age | ||
ejército | military | militar | |
empleo | occupation | ||
enfermedad | illness | ||
entierro | burial | sepultura, entierrado(a), sepultado(a) | |
entierrado(a) | burial | sepultura, entierro, sepultado(a) | |
esposa | wife | marido, cónyuge | |
esposo | husband | marido, cónyuge | |
expósito | child | ||
extremaunción | extreme unction; the sacrament of anointing the very sick or dying | ||
fallecido(a) | death | muerte, defunción, óbito, muerto(a), difunto(a), fallecimiento | |
fallecimiento | death | muerte, defunción, óbito, muerto(a), difunto(a), fallecido(a) | |
fecha | date | ||
fecha de inhumación | date of burial | ||
feligreses | churchgoers | ||
festivos | holidays; non-working days | ||
hembra | female | ||
hermana | sister | ||
hermano | brother | ||
hija | daughter | ||
hijo | h. | son | |
hijos | children | ||
hora de muerte | time of death | ||
Iglesia | Iga | Church | |
Iglesia Católica | Iga Cathc | Catholic church | |
ilegitimo (a) | i., ill. | illegitimate | |
impedimento | impediment | ||
inmigración | immigration | ||
indice (índice) | index | ||
legitimo | lexa, l. | legitimate | |
liberado | libe | A free person; liberated | |
llegada | arrival | ||
madre | mother | ||
mañana | morning | ||
maravedi, s | mis, miis, mris, ms | old Spanish coin, used from the 11-19th C, with different values & metal content | accepted plurals: maravedís, maravedíes, & the less accepted, maravedises |
marida | wife | esposa, mujer, cónyuge | |
marido | husband | esposo, cónyuge | |
marinero | seaman | ||
matrimonio | matrim.o | marriage | casamiento, casé, casado(a) |
mes | month | ||
militar | military | ejército | |
muerto(a) | death | muerte, defunción, fallecimiento, óbito, difunto(a), fallecido(a) | |
mujer | wife | esposa, marida, cónyuge | |
municipio | town, township | ||
nacido(a) | n., nac. | birth | nacimiento, nació |
nacimiento | birth | nació, nacido(a) | |
nació | n. | birth | nacimiento, nacido(a) |
niña | girl | ||
niño | boy | ||
no consta | not stated | ||
nombre | n. | name, given | |
nombre de bautismo | name, given | ||
nombre de pila | name, given | ||
novio | groom | ||
óbito | death | ||
obiit sine prole | o.s.p. | died without issue/children | |
obligación | obligan | duty | |
obligaciones | obligacions | obligations | |
padres | pd. | parents | |
padrinos | godparents | ||
parroquia | Parroq.a | parish | |
pasajero | passenger | ||
primer; el primer dia | 1.er | first; the first day | |
propietario | owner | ||
propio de | belonging to | ||
que | qe | that | |
representante | proxy | ||
residente | residte | resident | |
Ritual Romano | Roman Rite, a ritual of the Roman Catholic Church | ||
Sacramento | Sacram.to | Sacraments (religious ceremony) | |
San | Sn | Saint | |
Santa | Sta, Stos | Saint or Holy | Santos |
Santo Concilio de Trento | Sto Concilio de Trento | Sacred Council of Trent | |
segundo | second | ||
segundo cónyuge | second spouse | ||
señor | s. | sir, mister | |
sepultura | grave | ||
sitio | location | ||
socorro | relief | a 'bautismo de socorro' is an urgent baptism (baptism of relief) performed for fear of imminent death | |
solemnemente | solemnemte | solemnly | |
soltera/o | single f/m | ||
teniente | thente, Tht | a person who stands as a substitute for a higher position | , |
testigo | witness | ||
??? | therie | ??? | (i.e. therie Bachiller) |
último | last | ||
ut supra | as stated above | ||
vecindad | vecindd | neighborhood | |
vecino(a) | vno | neighbor | vecinos, vecinas |
verdad | truth | por verdad, as the truth | |
viejo | old | el Viejo, the Old Man or the Elder | |
viuda | widower | ||
viudo(a) | widowed m/f | ||
vivo | living |
Numbers
Spanish | # |
uno | 1 |
dos | 2 |
tres | 3 |
quatro | 4 |
cinco | 5 |
seis | 6 |
siete | 7 |
ocho | 8 |
nueve | 9 |
diez | 10 |
once | 11 |
doce | 12 |
trece | 13 |
catorce | 14 |
quince | 15 |
dieciséis | 16 |
diecisiete | 17 |
dieciocho | 18 |
diecinueve | 19 |
veinte | 20 |
veintiuno | 21 |
veintidós | 22 |
veintitrés | 23 |
veinticuatro | 24 |
veinticinco | 25 |
veintiséis | 26 |
veintisiete | 27 |
veintiocho | 28 |
veintinueve | 29 |
treinta | 30 |
treinta y uno | 31 |
treinta y dos | 32 |
treinta y tres | 33 |
cuarenta | 40 |
cuarenta y uno | 41 |
cuarenta y dos | 42 |
cincuenta | 50 |
cincuenta y uno | 51 |
cincuenta y dos | 52 |
sesenta | 60 |
sesenta y uno | 61 |
sesenta y dos | 62 |
setenta | 70 |
setenta y uno | 71 |
setenta y dos | 72 |
ochenta | 80 |
ochenta y uno | 81 |
ochenta y dos | 82 |
noventa | 90 |
noventa y uno | 91 |
noventa y dos | 92 |
cien | 100 |
ciento uno | 101 |
ciento dos | 102 |
ciento diez | 110 |
ciento once | 111 |
doscientos | 200 |
doscientos uno | 201 |
doscientos dos | 202 |
doscientos once | 211 |
doscientos setenta y seis | 276 |
trescientos | 300 |
cuatrocientos | 400 |
quinientos | 500 |
seiscientos | 600 |
setecientos | 700 |
ochocientos | 800 |
novecientos | 900 |
mil | 1,000 |
Months
- Note: From the 12th century to the year 1752 the year in England began on the 25th of March. Most western European countries changed the start of the year to January 1 before they adopted the Gregorian calendar. Spain changed their calendar to begin on the 1st of January in 1556. All records created after that date have the year as we would count it today.
Spanish | English | # |
Enero | January | 1 |
Febrero | February | 2 |
Marzo | March | 3 |
Abril | April | 4 |
Mayo | May | 5 |
Junio | June | 6 |
Julio | July | 7 |
Agosto | August | 8 |
Septiembre | September | 9 |
Octubre | October | 10 |
Noviembre | November | 11 |
Diciembre | December | 12 |
Dates Used Within These Help Pages
- 1600's
- En veinte i cinco del mes de marco
- On the twenty-fifth of March
- En Veinte de septiembre de este año de mil seiscientos y sesenta y cinco años
- On the twentieth of September in this year of one thousand six hundred and sixty-five
- En quatro dias del mes de otubre de mil y seiscientos y treynta y siete años
- On the fourth of October in one thousand six hundred and thirty-seven
- 1700-1750
- En dicho dia mes, y año dicho
- On the said day month, and year
- en ocho de octubre de este año de mil setesientos, y quarenta, y siete
- on the eighth of October in one thousand seven hundred and forty-seven
- el dia dose de henero de mill de Setecientos y veinte y siete anos
- on the twelfth day of January in the year one thousand, seven hundred and twenty-seven
- 1750-1800
- en cinco de Junio de mil Septecientos sesenta ocho años
- on the fifth of June in one thousand seven hundred and seventy-eight
- En Veinte y un dias de el mes a Junio de mil setecientos ochenta, y dos
- On the twenty-first of June in the year one thousand seven hundred and eighty-two
- En veinte y seis dias del mes de Junio de mil setecientos sesenta y un años
- On the twenty-sixth of June in one thousand seven hundred and sixty-one
- 1800's
- diesinueve de Julio
- nineteenth of July
- quince días del mes de Marzo de este año de mil ochocientos treinta y cuatro
- fifteenth of March in (the year) one thousand eight hundred and thirty-four
- el 1.er dia del mes de Julio del año de 1839
- the first day of the month of July in the year 1839
Latin American Countries
- The Latin America project on WikiTree is the umbrella project for the history and genealogy of the 20 Latin American nations: Argentina, Bolivia, Brazil, Chile, Colombia, Costa Rica, Cuba, the Dominican Republic, Ecuador, El Salvador, Guatemala, Honduras, Mexico, Nicaragua, Panama, Paraguay, Peru, Puerto Rico, Uruguay and Venezuela.
Racial Terminology
- Casta is an Iberian word (existing in Spanish, Portuguese and other Iberian languages since the Middle Ages), meaning "lineage", "breed" or "race". Historians used this term during the 20th century to describe mixed-race individuals in Spanish America, resulting from unions of Spaniards (españoles), Amerindians (indios), and Africans (negros). Whether castas were used or not in colonial rule to organize social status has recently been questioned. Below are some terms you may see used in regards to race or social status.
Spanish | English | Explanation |
Españoles | Spaniards | People of other European descent who had settled in Spanish America and adapted to Hispanic culture. |
Peninsulares | Spaniards & Europeans | Spaniards and other Europeans born in Europe. |
Criollos | Spaniards or Europeans | Spaniards and other Europeans (both black and white) born in America. Now used just for white people. |
Indios | Native Americans | The original inhabitants of the Americas were considered to be one of the three "pure races" in Spanish America. |
Mestizos | Native American & European | Persons with one Spanish parent and one Amerindian parent. |
Castizos | European & Indigenous | European with some Indigenous: Persons with one Mestizo parent and one Spanish parent. |
Cholos | Native American & Mestizo | Native American with some Mestizo: Persons with one Amerindian parent and one Mestizo parent. |
Pardos | Mixed Race | Mixed European, African, and Native American: People who are the product of the mixing over the generations of the European, Black African, and Amerindians. This mix may come about from a white Spaniard having a child with a Zambo, an Amerindian having a child with a Mulatto, or a Black African having a child with a Mestizo. |
Mulatos | African & European | Mixed African and European: Persons of the first generation of a Spanish and Black/African ancestry. Mulato could also denote an individual of mixed African and Native American ancestry. |
Zambos | Native American & African | Mixed Native American and African: Persons who were of mixed Amerindian and Black ancestry. As with Mulattoes, many other terms existed to describe the degree of mixture. Chino ("curly hair") could mean persons with Mulatto & Amerindian parents. Lobo could mean persons with Black and Amerindian parents, the same as Zambo. |
Negros | African | The third original race (along with Spaniards and Amerindians), both slaves and free-blacks. Due to the association of slavery these were low in social status. |
- Last Edited: (13:00, 28 November 2019 (UTC))
- These translation pages were originally envisioned by Steve Archuleta (on 18 Jul 2019) and then created through a collaborative effort between Steve, Mindy Silva, Rubén Hernández, Santi Díaz de Argandoña, and Bonnie Saunders. For suggestions concerning the page you can contact Mindy or leave a public comment.
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